2025, vol. 13, no. 3. Sabitov Zh.M.

2025, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 563-580

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2025-13-3.563-580

EDN: https://elibrary.ru/INLROA

   ON THE QUESTION OF THE ORIGIN OF THE GOLDEN HORDE
EMIRS NANGUDAY AND KUTLUK-TIMUR

Zh.M. Sabitov
Research Institute for Jochi Ulus Studies
Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
zh.sabitov@gmail.com

Abstract. Research objectives: The purpose of this research is to study genealogical data of one of the supporters of the Golden Horde khan, Uzbek. This was Nangudai who played an important role in promotion of Central Asian dynasties ruling in Khorezm and Khiva khanate of the 18th – early 20th centuries.
Research materials: The main sources for research were Turkic-language work by Firdaus al-Iqbal, other Persian sources (Jami at-Tawarikh, Mujmal-i Fasihi, Muizz al-Ansab, etc.), Kazakh shezhire, and historiography data.
Results and scientific novelty: All known sources on the genealogy of the Golden Horde emir, Nangudai, the prominent political figure of the era of Uzbek Khan, have been analyzed. The research reveals some details that prove the existence of another person with the same name who was the authentic ancestor of Nangudai. The Kazakh shezhire is singled out separately, within the framework of which there are four versions of its origin. Besides, the names from the shezhire, Nogai and Senke-biy, coincide with the names of his real ancestors or relatives from “Firdaus al Iqbal”. That there are six versions of Nangudai’s genealogy in historiography has been revealed. In addition, this research proves the reliability of genealogy from “Firdaus al Iqbal” with the correction that the Nogai mentioned in it was not identical to the Golden Horde’s Nogai, but was his namesake and contemporary. All sources and publications concerning the genealogy of Kutluk-Timur, a contemporary of Nangudai and Emir Khan Uzbek, are considered. It is revealed that there are five versions of Kutluk-Timur’s origin.

Keywords: Nangudai, Kungirats, Uzbek Khan, Kutluk-Timur, Golden Horde, Firdaus al Iqbal, Tavarih-i guzida-yi nusrat-name

For citation: Sabitov Zh.M. On the question of the origin of the Golden Horde emirs Nanguday and Kutluk-Timur. Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie=Golden Horde Review. 2025, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 563–580. https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2025-13-3.563-580 (In Russian)

Financial Support: The research was supported by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan within the framework of grant funding (project IRN AP19574484).

REFERENCES

  1. The words of the ancestors: Zhuztomdyk. Vol. 83 Astana: Foliant, 2012. 448 p. (In Kazakh).
  2. Beisenbayuly Zh. Kazakh Shezhire. Almaty, 1994. 160 p. (In Kazakh)
  3. Beisenbayuly Zh. Kutlyktemir Ulugbek and his relatives. The dynasty that glorified the country. Collection of scientific articles. Almaty: Aitumar, 2012, pp. 204–217. (In Kazakh)
  4. Beisenbayuly Zh. Naganai Bey and his descendants. Dynasty that glorified the countrya collection of scientific articles. Almaty: Aitumar, 2012, pp. 218–231. (In Kazakh)
  5. Beisenbayuly Zh. Naganai Bi and its time (the position of the Konurat begs of Khorezm and Syr regions in the ethno-political processes). Scientific research. Astana, 2022. 107 p. (In Kazakh)
  6. Zhenis Zh. Konyrattar: from Mode to Edige. Almaty: Algoritm, 2022. 216 p. (In Kazakh)
  7. Zaitsev I.V. To the history of the Golden Horde Kungrats in Khorezm and the Crimea: Emir Nangutai. Turkological Collection 2013–2014. In memoriam of Sergey Grigorievich Klyashtorny (1928–2014). Moscow: Nauka, 2016, pp. 238–255. (In Russian)
  8. Ibragimov N. Ibn Batuta and his journey through Central Asia. Moscow: Nauka. 1988. 128 p. (In Russian)
  9. History of Kazakhstan in Arabic sources. Vol.1. Almaty: Daik-Press, 2005. 711 p. (In Russian)
  10. History of Kazakhstan in Persian sources. Vol.4. Almaty: Daik-Press. 2006. 620 p. (In Russian)
  11. Iskhakov D.M., Izmailov I.L. Ethnopolitical history of the Tatars (3 – mid-16th centuries). Kazan: RITS ‘Shkola’, 2007. 356 p. (In Russian)
  12. Konyrat Shezhire and related stories. Almaty: Zhalyn, 1993. 136 p. (In Kazakh)
  13. Muizz al Ansab. History of Kazakhstan in Persian Sources. Vol. 3. Almaty: Daik-Press, 2006. 672 p. (In Russian)
  14. Porsin A.A. History of the Golden Horde of the late 13th – early 14th centuries in the work of Rukn ad-Din Baybars al-Mansuri “Zubdat al-fikra”. Kazan: Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 2018. 276 p. (In Russian)
  15. Porsin A.A. An answer to Zh.M. Sabitov, D.M. Timokhin, and V.V. Tishin’s reviews of the book “The history of the golden horde at the end of thirteenth and in the early fourteenth centuries in the work of rukn Al-din Beibars Al-mansuri “Zubdat al-fikra”. Golden Horde Legacy. 2021, pp. 298–320. (In Russian)
  16. Rashid al-Din. Collection of Chronicles. Vol. 1. Book 1. Moscow, 1952. 222 p. (In Russian)
  17. Rashid ad-Din. Collection of Chronicles. Vol. 2. Moscow, 1960. 253 p. (In Russian)
  18. Rashid ad-Din. Collection of Chronicles. Vol. 2. Baku. 361 p. (In Russian)
  19. Sabitov Zh.M. Interpretation of Zubdat al-fikra’s Information in the Work of A.A. Porsin. Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie=Golden Horde Review. 2020, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 552–562. DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2020-8-3.552-562
  20. Sabitov Zh.M. Kungirats in the eastern Deshti-Kipchak in 13th–15th Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Historical Sciences. Philosophy. Religion Series. 2012, no. 3(88), pp. 121–124. (In Russian)
  21. Sabitov Zh.M. Origin of Kutluk-Timur, Emir of Khan Uzbek. Young scientist. 2016, 1, pp. 587–589. (In Russian)
  22. Sabitov Zh.M.Uzbek Khan: The Problem of Coming to Power. Golden Horde Legacy. Iss. 2. Proceedings of the Second International Scientific Conference “Political and Socio-Economic History of the Golden Horde” dedicated to the memory of M.A. Usmanov. Kazan, March 29–30, 2011. Ed. and compiled by I.M. Mirgaleev. Kazan: Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 2011, pp. 111–115. (In Russian)
  23. Sabitov Zh.M. Emirs of Uzbek-khan and Janibek-khan. Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie=Golden Horde Review. 2014, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 120–134. (In Russian)
  24. Sadibekov Z.Kazakh Shezhire. Tashkent, 1994. 144 p. (In Kazakh)
  25. Seleznev Yu.V. Elite of the Golden Horde. Kazan: Fän, 2009. 232 p. (In Russian)
  26. Smaiyluly S., Zharylkasynuly K.Konyrat.Koshek, grandfather of Bailar-Zhandar: a genealogical history. The first book. Almaty: Kazakparat, 2000. 304 p. (In Kazakh)
  27. Temirgaliev R.D. Tamga. History of Kazakh tribes. Almaty: Meloman Publishing, 2023. 696 p. (In Russian)
  28. Tulibayeva Zh.M. “Mudjmal-i Fasihi” as a source for studying the history of the Golden Horde. Golden Horde civilization. Collection of articles. Iss. 5. Kazan: Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 2012, pp. 45–52. (In Russian)
  29. Fasih Ahmad ibn Jalal ad-Din Muhammad al-Khawafi. Fasikhov vault. Tashkent. Fän. 1980. 346 p. (In Russian)
  30. Yakubovsky A.Yu. Ruins of Urgench. News of the State Academy of the History of Material Culture. Vol. 4, Iss. 2. Leningrad: State Academy of the History of Material Culture of the USSR, 1930. 68 p. (In Russian)
  31. Atwood C.P. Chikü Küregen and the Origins of the Xiningzhou Qonggirads. Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi. 2014, vol. 21, no. 2014–2015, pp. 7–26.
  32. DeWeese D. Islamization and Native Religion in the Golden Horde: Baba Tÿkles and Conversion to Islam in Historical and Epic Tradition. Penn State Press, 2010. 638 p.
  33. Kamola S. A sensational and unique novelty: the reception of Rashid al-Din’s world history. Iran. 2020, Vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 50–61.
  34. Landa I. “From Mongolia to Khwārazm: The Qonggirad Migrations in the Jochid Ulus (13th.-15th.)”, Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée [Online], no 143, October 2018, Online since 12 October 2018, connection on 20 October 2020. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/remmm/11105; https://doi.org/10.4000/remmm.11105
  35. Munis S.M.M., Agahi M.R.M. Firdaws al-iqbal. In: History of Khorezm. Translated from Chagatay and annotated by Y. Bregel. Leiden-Boston-Köln, 718 p.

INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Zhaxylyk M. Sabitov – Ph.D. (Political Sciences), Director, Research Institute for Jochi Ulus Studies of the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (15B, Pushkin Str., Astana 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan); ORCID: 0000-0001-7186-156X. E-mail: zh.sabitov@gmail.com

 Received  28.04.2024
Revised  18.07.2025
Accepted  16.08.2025