2025, vol. 13, no. 4. Murtazina L.R.

2025, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 823-842

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2025-13-4.823-842

EDN: https://elibrary.ru/HANMBF

   COVERAGE OF THE KAZAN KHANATE HISTORY
IN THE TATAR EMIGRANT PRESS
(BASED ON THE “YAŊA MILLI YUL” JOURNAL
AND THE “MILLI BAYRAK” NEWSPAPER)

L.R. Murtazina
Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences
Kazan, Russian Federation
lyalyamur@mail.ru

Abstract. Purpose of the study: To analyze the historiography of the Kazan Khanate based on publications of the “Yaŋa Milli Yul” journal and the “Milli Bayrak” newspaper – press organs of Tatar emigrants of the first half of the twentieth century.
Research materials: The article examines the materials of the “Yaŋa Milli Yul” journal and the “Milli Bayrak” newspaper in the period of 1930–1939, dedicated to the history of the Kazan Khanate.
Results and novelty of the research: This work is the first comprehensive analysis of materials published in the Tatar émigré press of the first half of the 20th century (in the “Yaŋa Milli Yul” journal and the “Milli Bayrak” newspaper) on the topic of the Kazan Khanate). These two publications, published abroad – in Berlin (Warsaw) and Mukden – were distinguished by a special interest in the history of the Turkic-Tatars. Their pages published sources, scientific and popular science articles aimed at disseminating and popularizing historical knowledge among Tatar émigrés. The materials on the history of the Kazan Khanate are of interest due to the use of various sources. Among them are previously unpublished sources, a wide range of works by Tatar, Russian, Polish, and Ukrainian researchers on the topic, which indicates a high level of knowledge among Tatar intellectuals – journalists and scientists – regarding information in different languages and the degree of their competence in matters of the history of the Turkic-Tatars, including the history of the Kazan Khanate period. The publications analyzed in the article are noteworthy in that they help to recreate a more complete picture of the development of Tatar historical science in the first half of the 20th century with efforts to identify key themes of national history of this period, popular in the Tatar émigré community, as well as the vision of historical problems by individual researchers. The presented materials can serve as valuable sources for the historiography of the Kazan Khanate. The work gives an important impetus for the introduction into scientific circulation of a number of significant materials from the Tatar émigré press of the early 20th century on the history of the Kazan Khanate.

Keywords: “Yaŋa Milli Yul” journal, “Milli Bayrak” newspaper, Kazan Khanate, history, historical knowledge, sources, Gayaz Iskhaki, Rukia Muhammadish

For citation: Murtazina L.R. Coverage of the Kazan Khanate History in the Tatar Emigrant Press (based on the “Yaŋa Milli Yul” journal and the “Milli Bayrak” newspaper). Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie=Golden Horde Review. 2025, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 823–842. https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2025-13-4.823-842 (In Russian)

Acknowledgements: The author expresses sincere gratitude to I.M. Mirgaleev, Cand. Sci. (History), Head of the Usmanov Center for Research of the Golden Horde and Tatar Kha­nates of the Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences for the idea of conducting this research and support in writing the article.

REFERENCES

  1. Atlasi Kh. Kazan Khanate. Part 1. Kazan: Umid, 1914. 121 p. (In Tatar)
  2.  Who are we? The last days of the Golden Horde. Milli Bayrak. 1936, January 24. (In Tatar)
  3. Who are we? Entry of the Volga region into the Russian state. Milli Bayrak. 1936, November 6. (In Tatar)
  4.  Who are we? After losing independence. Milli Bayrak. 1936, November 27. (In Tatar)
  5.   Who are we? Kazan Khanate. Milli Bayrak. 1936, March 27. (In Tatar)
  6. Who are we? Kazan Khanate. Milli Bayrak. 1936, April 24. (In Tatar)
  7. Who are we? Kazan Khanate. Milli Bayrak. 1936, July 24. (In Tatar)
  8. Who are we? Kazan Khanate. Milli Bayrak. 1936, August 21. (In Tatar)
  9. Who are we? Kazan Khanate. Milli Bayrak. 1936, August (In Tatar)
  10. Who are we? Kazan Khanate. Milli Bayrak. 1936, September 4. (In Tatar)
  11. Who are we? Kazan Khanate. Milli Bayrak. 1936, September (In Tatar)
  12. In Berlin. Yaŋa Milli Yul. 1935, no. 11, 29–30. (In Tatar)
  13. In Berlin, the evening of the capture of Kazan. Yaŋa Milli Yul. 1938, 11. 33 p. (In Tatar)
  14. Gainanova L. From the compiler. In: Gayaz Iskhaky. Works, in 15 volumes. Vol. 5. Kazan: Tatar Book Publ., 2009, pp. 5–18. (In Tatar)
  15. Galyamutdinov A.I. Magazine «Milli Yul» (1928-1939) in the system of the Tatar emigrant press: Dissertation for a degree of a candidate of philology. Kazan, 2012. 148 p. (In Russian)
  16. Letter (“sheet”) of the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Sigismund I to the Kazan Khan Muhammad-Amin with a proposal for a military alliance against Moscow (1514, November 18). In: The History of the Tatars since Ancient Times. In Seven Volumes. Volume Tatar States (15–18th Centuries). Kazan: Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 2017. 920 p. (In Russian)
  17. Iskhaki G. Olug-Muhammad, founder of the Kazan Khanate (translation from the Tatars by A.I. Kileeva-Badyugina). Kazan, 2022. 448 p. (In Russian)
  18. Iskhaki G. National education of the younger generation.Yaŋa Milli Yul. 1930, 11, pp. 2–5. (In Tatar)
  19. Iskhaki G.Day of Sorrow.Yaŋa Milli Yul. 1932, 10. рр. 1–8. (In Tatar)
  20. Iskhaki G.383 years have passed since the fall of Kazan.Yaŋa Milli Yul. 1935, 11, рр. 1–5. (In Tatar)
  21. Iskhaki G.October 15. Yaŋa Milli Yul. 1938, 11, рр. 1–4. (In Tatar)
  22. Legends about the capture of Kazan. Milli Bayrak. 1936, October 16. (In Tatar)
  23. Letter from Kazan Khan Muhammad Amin. Yaŋa Milli Yul. 1930, 3, рр. 10–12. (In Tatar)
  24. Historical traces of the Kazan Khanate. Milli Bayrak. 1936, October 16. (In Tatar)
  25. Day of National Mourning.Milli Bayrak. 1938, October 21. (In Tatar)
  26. Minnegulov H. Works of art. The History of the Tatars since Ancient Times. In Seven Volumes. Volume Tatar States (15ер–18th Centuries). Kazan: Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 2017, pp. 31–36. (In Russian)
  27. Minnegulov H. Emigrant Tatar literature. Kazan utlary. 2007, 12, рр. 84–89. (In Tatar)
  28. Minnegulov H. Letter-label Muhammad Amina. Kazan utlary. 2003, 11, рр. 146–150. (In Tatar)
  29. Muhammadish R. October 15. Milli Bayrak. 1937, October 15. (In Tatar)
  30. Muhammadish R. Historic day. Milli Bayrak. 1938, October 14. (In Tatar)
  31. Nasyrov T. Tatar emigrant press. Gasyrlar avazy – Echo of centuries. 2004, no. 2, рр. 117–128. (In Russian)
  32. Letter from Kazan Khan Muhammad Amin to the Polish King Zygmunt through his ambassador Soroka. Yaŋa Milli Yul. 1930, 4, рр. 14–15. (In Tatar)
  33. Second letter from the Polish king, Grand Duke of Lithuania Zygmunt to the Kazan Khan Muhammad Amin. Yaŋa Milli Yul. 1930, 6, 11 p. (In Tatar)
  34. Rukia Davletkilde: the bitter fate of one Tatar woman. Kazan: Kazan State University, 2005. 110 p.
  35. Salim L. History of the policy of extermination of Tatars and Muslims. Yaŋa Milli Yul. 1930, 5, рр. 14–18. (In Tatar)
  36. Soysal A (Dr. Abdulla Zihni Soysal). Relations between the Golden Horde and the Kazan Khanate with Lyakhstan (Poland). Yaŋa Milli Yul. 1939, 6, рр. 12–19. (In Tatar)
  37. Soysal A (Dr. Abdulla Zihni Soysal). Relations between the Golden Horde and the Kazan Khanate with Lyakhstan (Poland). Yaŋa Milli Yul. 1939, 7, рр. 7–13. (In Tatar)
  38. S Regarding the capture of Kazan. Yaŋa Milli Yul. 1935, no. 1, рр. 16–17. (In Tatar)
  39. Trepavlov V. «We want to be with you in brotherhood and friendship» (Messages of King Sigismund I to Khan Muhammad-Amin). Gasyrlar avazy – Echo of centuries. 2010, no. 3–4, pp. 92–101. (In Russian)
  40. Usmanova L. Newspaper «Milli Bayrak» – «encyclopedia of Tatar emigration». Gasyrlar avazy – Echo of centuries. 2016, nos. 3–4, pp. 226–229. (In Russian)
  41. Fatykh Һ. October fifteenth day. Yaŋa Milli Yul. 1939, 11, рр. 8–10. (In Tatar)
  42. Fatykh Һ. History repeats itself. Yaŋa Milli Yul. 1931, 10, рр. 12–16. (In Tatar)
  43. Fakhretdin R. Excerpt from “Record of Shigabutdin Hazrat Marjani”. In: Fakhretdin R.S. Bulgarian and Kazan Turks. Kazan: Tatar Book Publ., 2021, pp. 239–247. (In Tatar)
  44. Khan Mosque. Yaŋa Milli Yul. 1931, 5. 14 p. (In Tatar)
  45. Day of mourning for the fall of Kazan in Estonia. Yaŋa Milli Yul. 1935, no. 11, рр. 28–29. (In Tatar)
  46. National mourning. Milli Bayrak. 1936, October 20. (In Tatar).
  47. Khudyakov M. Essays on the history of the Kazan Khanate. Kazan: Gos. izdatelstvo, 1923. 304 p. (In Russian)
  48. October 15 Day of Mourning. Milli Bayrak. 1936, October 16. (In Tatar)
  49. Kanlıdere А. Ayaz İshaki’nin Milli Yul dergisindeki yazilari. In: Ghayaz Ishaki and national renaissance of the Tatars at the Beginning of the 20th century. Materials of the international conference dedicated to the 140th anniversary of the birth of G. Ishaki. Kazan, 2018, pp. 17–27. (In Turkish)
  50. Kolankowski L. Zygmunt August wielki ksiaze Litwy do roku 1548. Lviv (Lwow), 1913. 418 р. (In Polish)

INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Lyalya R. Murtazina – Cand. Sci. (Pedagogy), Leading Research Fellow of the Faizkhanov Center for the History and Theory of National Education, Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (7, Baturin Str., Kazan 420111, Russian Federation); ORCID: 0000-0003-4131-544X. E-mail: lyalyamur@mail.ru

Received  25.08.2025
Revised  28.11.2025
Accepted  02.12.2025