2025, vol. 13, no. 4. Iskhakov D.M., Tychinskikh Z.A.

2025, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 859-879

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2025-13-4.859-879

EDN: https://elibrary.ru/LFQNDT

   THE PROBLEM OF THE EASTERN BORDERS
OF THE BULGAR VILAYET OF THE GOLDEN HORDE
AND THE KAZAN KHANATE AT THE END OF THE 14th–15th CENTURIES

D.M. Iskhakov 1*, Z.A. Tychinskikh 1,2
1 Tobolsk Complex Research Station
of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Tobolsk, Russian Federation

2 Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences
Kazan, Russian Federation
* monitoring_vkt@mail.ru

Abstract. The problem of the eastern borders of the Bulgarian Vilayet of the Golden Horde and the Kazan Principality that arose on its foundations, then the Kazan Khanate, has been considered in the literature several times, but has not found an unambiguous solution, including in the multi-volume “History of the Tatars since ancient times.” In this publication, the historical problem is discussed using new source materials and offering different interpretations of known sources than were offered previously.
The objective of the study is to determine with a greater degree of precision the eastern borders of the Bulgar-Kazan Vilayet and the Kazan Khanate in the late 14th–15th centuries.
Research materials: The work is based on the analysis of the works of Abu-l-Ghazi Khan, Kadyr Ali-bek, Katib Chelebi, Negri, Defter-i Genghis-name, Utemish-haji, Abdulgaffar Kyrimi, Hafiz-i Tanysh Bukhari, the anonymous Tavarikh-i Guzida-i-Nusrat-name, embassy data, chronicle reports, various genealogies, folklore materials. Their analysis was carried out while taking into account previous publications on this topic.
Results and scientific novelty: The study made it possible to clarify previous conclusions regarding the eastern borders of the Bulgarian-Kazan Principality and the Kazan Khanate in the Urals, including establishing their certain mobility both in connection with the Nogai element in the 15th century and with the political role of the Shibanids in the Volga-Ural region since the annexation of the territory of the Bulgarian state by the Mongol Empire in the 13th century.

Keywords: Bulgar Vilayet, Kazan Principality, Kazan Khanate, Nogai Horde, Mangytsky Yurt, Tyumen Khanate, Shibanids, eastern borders, new sources

For citation: Iskhakov D.M., Tychinskikh Z.A. The Problem of the Eastern Borders of the Bulgar Vilayet of the Golden Horde and the Kazan Khanate at the end of the 14th–15th centuries. Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie=Golden Horde Review. 2025, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 859–879. https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2025-13-4.859-879 (In Russian)

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INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Damir M. Iskhakov – Dr. Sci. (History), Senior Research Fellow of the Tobolsk Complex Scientific Station of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Scien­ces (15, Aca­demician Osipov Str., Tobolsk 626152, Russian Federation); Editor-in-chief of the “Native Land. Motherland” journal (67a, Marshal Chuikov Str., Kazan 410132, Russian Federation); ORCID: 0000-0002-7556-8667; Author ID: 04138; SPIN code: 7941-4821. E-mail: monitoring_vkt@mail.ru

Zaituna A. Tychinskikh – Cand. Sci. (History), Senior Research Fellow of the Tobolsk Complex Scientific Station of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (15, Academician Osipov Str., Tobolsk 626152, Russian Federation); Research Fellow, Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (7, Baturin Str., Kazan 420111, Russian Federation); ORCID: 0000-0002-5378-8909; Author ID: 77833; SPIN code: 3721-9532. E-mail: zaituna.09@mail.ru

Received  15.09.2025
Revised  19.11.2025
Accepted  02.12.2025