2021, vol. 9, no. 4. Maslyuzhenko D.N., Samigulov G.Kh.

2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 832-856

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2021-9-4.832-856

   ON THE QUESTION OF ISLAMIZATION OF UGRIAN POPULATION
IN WESTERN SIBERIA FROM THE SIXTEENTH TO EARLY EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES
AND SOME ASPECTS OF STUDY OF THIS PROCESS

D.N. Maslyuzhenko 1, G.Kh. Samigulov 2
1 Kurgan State University
Kurgan, Russian Federation
denmas13@yandex.ru

2 South-Ural State University
Сhelyabinsk, Russian Federation
gayas_@mail.ru

Abstract: Research objectives: The reconstruction of the features of Islamization of the Ugrian population in Western Siberia from the sixteenth to early eighteenth centuries and some controversial points in the research of this process.
Research materials: The present study was based on the analysis of published sources: chronicles, memoirs, and archaeological as well as historiographical data.
Results and novelty of the research: The penetration of world religions, including Islam, into the taiga and tundra zone of Western Siberia in the late Middle Ages and Early Modern period is a relevant though insufficiently studied line of research. It is directly related to the issues of including these territories into the Russian state. However, in most cases the limited written and archaeological sources, characterizing the process of adoption of Islam by the local population, have led to the discussion adopting the same stereotyped plotlines. Most often, research has looked to characterize various possible factors possibly influencing the process of Islamization led by the representatives of Sufi tariqas, acting in the territory of the Shibanids within the ulus of Jochi, the Tyumen and Siberian Khanate in particular. A significant strengthening of the Muslims’ influence and their activity’s expansion is only revealed in the case of the last one. This process is automatically related to the Ugrian principalities connected with the Khanate, most often not in critical terms. At the same time, the analysis of chronicles mostly shows very limited possibilities of Islamic preaching outside the territory of various groups of Siberian Tatars. In such cases, prea­ching influenced either the representatives of the Ugrian elite alone, or reflected the domestic partnership of the Ugrians with Tatars. Under these conditions, the emergence of new approaches, which O.N. Naumenko and E.A. Naumenko claim in their works, force us to carefully analyze the proposed methods, sources, and results of the study of Islam among the West Siberian Ugrians. The work done in this regard shows that during the period under consideration, the adoption of Islam among the representatives of any groups of the Ob Ugrians would have been isolated incidents. As a rule, such episodes were connected with the elite of this society that was in close cooperation with the aristocracies of the Siberian Khanate. Dwelling in an interconnected way with the Turkic-Tatar population played a great role in this as well. Moreover, after the entry of Western Siberia into the Russian state, the number of such cases did not increase. On the contrary, sources define the Ostyaks and the Voguls as pagans. It is in this context that Orthodox preaching began among them.

Keywords: Islam, Khanty, Mansi, Siberian Khanate, Western Siberia

For citation: Maslyuzhenko D.N., Samigulov G.Kh. On the Question of Islamization of Ugrian Population in Western Siberia from the sixteenth to early eighteenth centuries and Some Aspects of Study of This Process. Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie=Golden Horde Review. 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 832–856. DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2021-9-4.832-856 (In Russian)

Acknowledgements: The South Ural State University is grateful for financial support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (grant no. FENU-2020-0021 (2020070ГЗ)).

REFERENCES

  1. Akishin M.O. Peter the Great and the Orthodox mission among the peoples of Siberia. Menshikov Readings – 2015: Scientific Almanac. St. Petersburg: XVIII vek, 2015, iss. 6 (15), pp. 10–31. (In Russian)
  2. Ash-Shakhrastani. Book about Religions and Sects, Part 1: Islam. Moscow: Glavnaya red. Vostochnoy lit-ry izd-va “Nauka”, 1984. 272 p. (In Russian)
  3. Baulo A.V. Christian kings at the Khanty sanctuary. Science from the First Hand. 2009, no. 2(26), pp. 76–85. (In Russian)
  4. Bakhrushin S.V. Ostyak and Vogul principalities in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Scientific Works, Vol. 3: Selected Works on the History of Siberia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Part 2: History of the Peoples of Siberia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Moscow, 1955, pp. 86–152. (In Russian)
  5. Bortnikova Ju.A. To the question about penetration of Islamic art into Western Siberia in the Middle Ages. Omsk Scientific Bulletin. 2012, no. 2 (106), pp. 32–36. (In Russian)
  6. Bortnikova Yu.A., Naumenko E.A., Naumenko O.N. Islam in the life of the Ob Ugrians as a factor of their cultural and historical psychology: Sources and methodological aspects. Manuscript. 2019, vol. 12, iss. 10, pp. 31–34. (In Russian)
  7. Bustanov A.K. Manuscripts of the Sufi Sheikhs: Turkestan tradition on the banks of the Irtysh river. Ethnographic and Archaeological Complexes: Problems of Culture and Society. Omsk, 2009, vol. 11, pp. 195–229. (In Russian)
  8. Garustovich G.N. To the question about the ethnic situation in the forest-steppe Trans-Urals in the beginning of the second millennium BC. Archaeology of the Middle Tobol Region and Adjacent Territories. Proceedings of the Interregional Round Table. Kurgan, 2016, pp. 62–65. (In Russian)
  9. Gemuev I.N., Sagalaev A.M., Solov’ev A.I. Legends and True Stories of the Taiga Region. Novosibirsk: Nauka, Sibirskoe otdelenie, 1989. 176 p. (In Russian)
  10. Glavatskaya E.M. Was there a choice? Arguments against the theory of nonviolent baptism of the Khanty and Mansi in 1712–1715. Ural Collection. History. Culture. Religion. Ekaterinburg, 1999, iss. 3, pp. 82–102. (In Russian)
  11. Glavatskaya E.M. “…and they did not do any ridicule or outrage”: From the experience of religious tolerance in northwestern Siberia in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. Ural Collection. History. Culture. Religion. Ekaterinburg, 2003, iss. 3, pp. 26–35. (In Russian)
  12. Glavatskaya E.M. “And so that they do not cause any damage to the Siberian kingdom” (Power and missionary work in northwestern Siberia from the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries). Bulletin of the Ural State University. 2004, no. 31, pp. 75–83. (In Russian)
  13. Glavatskaya E.M. Orthodox colonization and changes in the religious landscape of the Urals in the seventeenth century. Ural Historical Bulletin. 2009, no. 2 (23), pp. 101–108. (In Russian)
  14. Golovnev A.V. Ostyak sees Ostyak from afar: Few remarks on the “Ishtyaks: The Borderland between the Cis-Urals and Siberia”. Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie = Golden Horde Review. 2020, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 563–577. DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2020-8-3.563-577. (In Russian)
  15. Demin M.A. Information about religious beliefs of the peoples of Siberia in Russian literary and historical works of the seventeenth century. Ethnographic Review. 1997, no. 5, pp. 114–121. (In Russian)
  16. Ivanovskaya V.I. Islamic Ornaments. Moscow: V. Shevchuk, 2007. 208 p. (In Russian)
  17. Iskhakov D.M. Travel to the Zabolottya. Siberian Collection. Kazan: “YaZ”, 2011, iss. 1, pp. 138–142. (In Russian)
  18. Iskhakov D. Ishtyak community of the Cis-Urals in the Middle Ages. History of Tatars of the Western Cis-Ural Region, Vol. 1: Nomads of the Great Steppe in the Cis-Ural Region. Medieval Tatar States. Kazan: Marjani Institute of History of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 2016, pp. 278–295. (In Russian)
  19. Katanov N.F. On the religious wars of the disciples of Sheikh Bagauddin against the foreigners of Western Siberia. Tobolsk Chronograph. Ekaterinburg, 2004, iss. 4, pp. 137–144. (In Russian)
  20. Kol’tsova L. M., El’-Msafer Kh.A. The words “Jinn” and “Shaitan” through the eyes of Russians and Arabs. Bulletin of the Voronezh State University. Series: Philology. Journalism. 2015, no. 2. pp. 32–36. (In Russian)
  21. Korusenko S.N. Genealogical research of the Siberian Tatars: Results and prospects. Siberian Tatars. Omsk, 1998, pp. 88–90. (In Russian)
  22. Maslyuzhenko D.N. The activities of Sufi orders in the territory of Tyumen and the Siberian khanates. Bulletin of the Tomsk State University. History. 2015, no. 2 (34), pp. 5–9. (In Russian)
  23. Martynova A.P. Essays on the History and Culture of the Khanty. Мoscow, 1998. 235 p. (In Russian)
  24. Miller G.F. History of Siberia. Moscow, 1999, vol. 1. 630 p. (In Russian)
  25. Miller G.F. History of Siberia. Moscow, 2000, vol. 2. 796 p. (In Russian)
  26. Napol’skikh V.V. Introduction to the Historical Uralistics. Izhevsk, 1997. 268 p. (In Russian)
  27. Peoples of Western Siberia: The Khanty. The Mansi. The Selkups. The Nenets. The Entsy. The Nganasans. The Kets. Moscow: Nauka, 2005. 806 p. (In Russian)
  28. Novitskiy G. Brief Description of the Ostyak People. Novosibirsk, 1941. 108 p. (In Russian)
  29. Onina S.V. Lexico-semantic groups of deer names (based on the material of the Syn subdialect of the Shuryshkar dialect of the Khanty language). Ural-Altay Studies. 2010, no. 1 (2), pp. 67–78. (In Russian)
  30. Pavlovskiy V. The Voguly. Kazan: Tipografiya Un-ta, 1907. 229 p. (In Russian)
  31. Pallas P.S. Travel to Different Places of the Russian State. St. Petersburg, 1770, part 2, book 1. 476 p. (In Russian)
  32. Pertsev N.V. The Tatar khanates and Ugrian principalities of Western Siberia. The Tyumen and Siberian Khanates: Collective Monograph. Kazan, 2018, pp. 131–140. (In Russian)
  33. 33. Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles, Vol. 36: Siberian Chronicles, Part 1: Group of the Esipov Chronicle. Moscow, 1987. 383 p. (In Russian)
  34. Samigulov G.Kh., Maslyuzhenko D.N. The concept of “Ishtek” / “Ostyak” as a socionym (Ural and Trans-Ural counties of the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries). The Ishtyaks: Cis-Uralic and Siberian Border. Kazan, 2019, pp. 45–60. (In Russian)
  35. Seleznev A.G., Selezneva I.A. Siberian Islam: Regional Variation in Religious Syncretism. Novosibirsk, 2004. 72 p. (In Russian)
  36. Seleznev A.G., Selezneva I.A., Belich I.V. The Cult of Saints in the Siberian Islam: The Specificity of the Universal. Moscow: Izd. dom Mardzhani, 2009. 216 p. (In Russian)
  37. Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary. Moscow: Sovetskaya enciklopediya, 1988. 1562 p. (In Russian)
  38. Sokolova Z.P. The Khanty and Mansi: A View from the twenty first century. Moscow: Nauka, 2009. 756 p. (In Russian)
  39. Spodina V.I. Polygamy as a form of marriage customs of indigenous peoples of the North: Ethnic categories of morality. Bulletin of the Chelyabinsk State University. History. 2011, no. 12 (227), iss. 45, pp. 5–9. (In Russian)
  40. Starostin A.N. Islam in the Sverdlovsk Region. Moscow: Logos, 2006. 144 p. (In Russian)
  41. 41. Suslova S.V. Tatar Costume: Historical and Ethnological Research. Kazan: Tatarsk. Knizhn. Izd-vo, 2018. 239 p. (In Russian)
  42. Syazi A.M. Ornament and Thing in the Culture of the Khanty of the Lower Ob Region. Tomsk: Izd-vo Tomskogo universiteta, 2000. 247 p. (In Russian)
  43. Tatars. Moscow: Nauka, 2001. 583 p. (In Russian)
  44. Tomilov N.A. Ethnic contacts of the Ugric and Turkic peoples of the West Siberian plain from the sixteenth to twentieth centuries. Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of Finno-Ugric Studies. Moscow, 1989, vol. 1, pp. 278–281. (In Russian)
  45. The Turkic Peoples of Siberia. Moscow: Nauka, 2006. 678 p. (In Russian)
  46. Philosophical Encyclopedic Dictionary. Moscow: Sovetskaya entsiklopediya, 1983. 840 p. (In Russian)
  47. Khodarkovsky M. Russia’s Steppe Frontier: The Making of a Colonial Empire, 1500–1800. Moscow, 2019. 352 p. (In Russian)
  48. Bortnikova Y.A., Naumenko O.N., Naumenko E.A. Regulation of Islamic art in confessional policy of Catherine II (on materials of the Tyumen region). Bylye Gody. 2016, vol. 40, iss. 2, pp. 356–362. (In Russian)
  49. Naumenko O.N., Naumenko E.A. The Ob Ugrians-Muslims: Historical and psychological factors of the Islam penetration in the traditional culture. Bylye Gody. 2018, vol. 49, iss. 3, pp. 931–939. (In Russian)
  50. Tataurov S.F., Korusenko M.A. The History of Islam in Western Siberia: Interdisciplinary approach to chronology and periodization. Bylye Gody. 2015, vol. 38, iss. 4, pp. 798–807. (In Russian)

About the authors: Denis N. Maslyuzhenko – Cand. Sci. (History), Associate Professor, Director of the Institute of Humanities, Kurgan State University, (63, building 4, Sovetskaya Str., Kurgan 640020, Russian Federation); ORCID: 0000-0001-8302-1277, ResearcherID: J-9551-2017. E-mail: denmas13@yandex.ru

Gayaz Kh. Samigulov – Cand. Sci. (History), Senior Research Fellow, Scientific-Educational Centre of Eurasian Studies, South Ural State University (76, Lenin Ave., Chelyabinsk 454080, Russian Federation); OCRID: 0000-0002-4695-5633, ResearcherID: T-6331-2017. E-mail: gayas_@mail.ru

Received   September 15, 2021   Accepted for publication  November 26, 2021
Published  Online December 29, 2021