2023, vol. 11, no. 2. Ryabinina E.A., Maslyuzhenko D.N.

2023, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 380-396

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-2.380-396

EDN: https://elibrary.ru/KXARTX

   SEIDYAK AND URAZ-MUHAMMAD IN SIBERIAN HISTORY

E.A. Ryabinina 1, D.N. Maslyuzhenko 2
Kurgan state university
Kurgan, the Russian Federation
1 realdenim77@yandex.ru , 2 denmas13@yandex.ru

Abstract: Research objectives: To identify the features of the appearance and activity in the Siberian Khanate of the last Taibugid Prince Seidyak and the Kazakh tsarevich, Uraz-Muhammad.
Research materials: This work was carried out on the basis of the analysis of published chronicles of various origins, the collection of chronicles of Utemish Hadji, dastans of Kadyr Ali-bek, and unpublished documents from the fund 127 (relations with Nogai Tatars) of the RGADA, the Siberian chronicle of Ivan Chereapanov, etc.
Results and scientific novelty: In historical research, under the influence of various editions of the so-called “Siberian chronicles”, there has emerged a traditional concept of Prince Seidyak’s activity as that of one of the main opponents of the Siberian Khan Kuchum. However, the late nature and inconsistency of these chronicles in relation to each other and some documents that are contemporary to the events make it possible to construct a different concept of the events of 1585–1588 in Siberia.
Brought up at the court of the sayyid most likely associated with the tariqa Naqshbanidiya, the descendant of the Siberian princes appeared in Siberia no earlier than the middle of 1585. It is doubtful that the Bukhara Sayyids and merchants who were associated with them, being interested in local furs and havkng invested a lot of effort in the Islamization of the khanate, could send a legitimate khan to the north. The theory about the need to expand support for Kuchum by various groups, including those loyal to the princely dynasty, looks more realistic. This explains the participation of Saydiak in the division of Ermak’s property, and the absence of direct conflicts with the khan, with the exception of taking Isker from his son, Ali, who had a rather strained relationship with his father and brother. At the same time, the Bukhara leaders could remind Kuchum that they had the option of a political alternative.
Almost at the same time, the grandson of the Kazakh khan, Shigai Uraz-Muhammad, whose father Ondan died during another Kazakh-Kalmyk clash, could appear in Siberia. Ondan had supported his father and brother Tavvakul, including in the conclusion of a Kazakh-Bukhara union. Judging by indirect references, the ruling family was also associated with one of the Bukhara tariqas. The reasons for sending Uraz-Muhammad and his family to Siberia are presented inconsistently in the literature due to the lack of sources on this issue. They also ended up initially at the court of Khan Kuchum where part of Ondan’s family had settled. After the capture of Isker, the tsarevich, along with the Siberian carp who joined him, found themselves in Isker, where they strengthened the Seidyak.
The attempt to build the concept of a real “triumvirate” made up of Prince Seidyak, Tsarevich Uraz-Muhammad, and Siberia’s Karachi as an alternative political center to Khan Kuchum and his sons at the moment looks groundless due to the lack of information about their activities between the capture of Isker and the Russian captivity in 1588. Even if they had some political ambitions, they did not demonstrate them in any way.

Keywords: Siberian Khanate, Kuchum, Taybugids, Seidyak, Uraz-Muhammad, Russian-Siberian relations

For citation: Ryabinina E.A., Maslyuzhenko D.N. Seidyak and Uraz-Muhammad in siberian history. Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie=Golden Horde Review. 2023, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 380–396.  DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-2.380-396 (In Russian)

REFERENCES

  1. Abdirov M.Zh. Kazakh Khan in the Russian state. Almaty: Atamura Publishing House, 2020, 392 p. (in Russian)
  2. Abuseitova M.Kh. The Kazakh Khanate in the second half of the 16th century. Alma-Ata: Publishing house “Science” of the Kazakh SSR, 1985. 104 p. (in Russian)
  3. Abuseitova M.Kh. Kazakhstan and Central Asia in the 15th–17th centuries: history, politics, diplomacy. Almaty: Dyke-press, 1998, 268 p. (In Russian)
  4. Abuseitova M.Kh., Baranova Yu.G. Written sources on the history and culture of Kazakhstan and Central Asia in the 13th–18th centuries. Almaty: Dyke Publ., 2001, 423 p. (In Russian)
  5. Atygaev N. The Kazakh Khanate in the flow of history. Almaty: Eltanym Publishing House, 2015. 384 p. (In Russian)
  6. Basin V.Ya. Russia and the Kazakh Khanates in the 16th–18th centuries. Alma-Ata: Nauka, 1971, 277 p. (In Russian)
  7. Belyakov A.V. Chingisids in Russia of the 15th–17th centuries: prosopographical research. Ryazan: Ryazan’-Mir, 2011. 512 p. (In Russian)
  8. Belyakov A.V. Uraz-Muhammad ibn Ondan and Isiney Karamyshev son of Musaites. The experience of a joint biography. Almaty: ABDI Company, 2019, 208 p. (In Russian)
  9. Belyakov A.V. Uraz-Muhammad in Siberia. Istoriya, ekonomika i kul’tura srednevekovykh tyurko-tatarskikh gosudarstv Zapadnoy Sibiri. Materialy IV Vserossiyskoy (natsional’noy) nauchnoy konferentsii [Materials of the IV All-Russian (national) Scientific Conference]. Kurgan: Publishing House of Kurgan State University, 2020, pp. 61–64. (In Russian)
  10. Berezin I.N. Tatar chronicler. A Contemporary of Boris Fyodorovich Godunov. Moskovityanin, 1851, Iss. 24, book 2, pp. 540–554. (In Russian)
  11. Vel’yaminov-Zernov V.V. Study about Kasimov kings and princes. St. Petersburg: Typography of Imperial Academy of Sciences, 1864, p. 2. 502 p. (In Russian)
  12. Ziyaev Kh.Z. Central Asia and Siberia. (The second half of the 16th–19th centuries.). Tashkent, 1964, 88 p. (In Russian)
  13. Isin A. The Kazakh Khanate and the Nogai Horde in the second half of the 15th–16th centuries. Semipalatinsk: Tengri, 2002, 139 p. (In Russian)
  14. Ishakov D.M. An introduction to the history of the Siberian khanate. Essays. Kazan: Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 2006. 196 p. (In Russian)
  15. Kazakh-Russian relations in the 16th–18th centuries (collection of documents and materials). Alma-Ata: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR, 1961, XVI, 741 p. (In Russian)
  16. Brief Siberian Chronicle (Kungur) with 154 drawings. St. Petersburg, Printing house of F.G.Eleonsky and Ko, 1880, 108 p. (In Russian)
  1. Kuzembayuly A., Abil’ E.Alibek T. Siberian Ulus and Kazakhs: problems of ethnic continuity and historical memory. Kostanay, A.Baitursynov Regional University, 2022, 256 p. (In Russian)
  2. The Siberian Chronicle: Ed. from the manuscript of the 7th century. St. Petersburg, Printing house of the Department of Public Education, 1821, IX, 88, 8 p. (In Russian)
  3. Maslyuzhenko D.N. Rec. ad op.: Belyakov A. V. Uraz-Muhammad Ibn Ondan and Isinei Karamyshev son Musaitov. Experience of joint biography. Almaty, 2019. Rossiyskaya istoriya [Russian history], 2020, no. 1, pp. 201–206. (In Russian)
  4. Maslyuzhenko D.N., Ryabinina E.A. Shibanids and Taybugids in 1563: significance in the history and historiography of the Siberian Khanate. XIII Faizkhanovskie chteniya. Nasledie Zolotoy Ordy v gosudarstvennosti i kul’turnykh traditsiyakh narodov Evrazii: materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii [XIII Faizkhanov Readings. The legacy of the Golden Horde in the statehood and cultural traditions of the peoples of Eurasia: materials of the international scientific and practical conference]. Moscow: LLC “Publishing House “Medina””, 2017, pp. 457–468. (In Russian)
  5. Materials on the history of the Kazakh khanate in the 15th–18th centuries (extract from the Persian and Turkic writings). Suleymenov B. [otv. red.]. Alma-Ata: Nauka Publ., 1969, 655 p. (In Russian)
  6. Miller G.F. History of Siberia. Vol. I. Moscow: Oriental Literature Publisher, 2005, 630 p. (In Russian)
  7. Minenko N. Walking for the “Stone” (The Beginning of Asian Russia: novoye vremya). Rodina [Rodina], 2000, no. 5, pp. 64–71. (In Russian)
  8. Nesterov A.G. Isker Principality of the Taibugids (15th–16th centuries). Sibirskie tatary [Siberian Tatars] Kazan: Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, , 2002, pp. 17–23. (In Russian)
  9. Nurbaev K.Zh. Prince Taybuga and his Siberian ulus. Kazakhi Evrazii: istoriya i kul’tura [Kazakhs of Eurasia: history and culture: collection of scientific works]. Omsk: Publishing House of OmSU; Pavlodar, Publishing House of PSPI, 2016, pp. 202–209. (In Russian)
  10. Monuments of diplomatic relations of ancient Russia with foreign powers. Part one: relations with European States. Monuments of diplomatic relations with the Roman Empire. Pt. I. (from 1488 to 1594). St. Petersburg, 1851, 852 p. (In Russian)
  11. Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles, vol. 13. Chronicle Collection Called Patriarchal or Nikon Chronicle. Pt. 2. St. Petersburg, of I.N. Skorokhodov, 1906, 234 p. (In Russian)
  12. Complete collection of Russian Chronicles, vol. 36. The Siberian Chronicles. Part 1. The group Esipov chronicle. Moscow: Nauka, 1987, 383 p. (In Russian)
  13. Pchelov E. On the symbolism of the falcon and falconry in Russia in connection with Western and Eastern parallels. Trudy russkoy antropologicheskoy shkoly [Proceedings of the Russian Anthropological school], 2013, Vol. 13, pp. 18–24. (In Russian)
  14. Rezun D.Ya., Shilovskiy M.V. Siberia, the end of the 16th – beginning of the 20th century: the frontier in the context of ethnosocial and ethno-cultural processes. Available at: http://sibistorik.narod.ru/project/frontier/index.html (accessed: 30.03.2023) (In Russian)
  15. Ryabinina E.A. Ermak’s campaign and the fate of the Siberian Khanate. Tyumenskoe i Sibirskoe khanstva [Tyumen and Siberian khanates]. Kazan: Publishing House of Kazan University, 2018, pp. 256–270. (In Russian)
  16. Ryabinina E.A., Maslyuzhenko D.N. The activity of the last Siberian Prince Seidyak Taybugid in the 1580s. Drevnyaya Rus’. Voprosy medievistiki [Ancient Rus. Questions of medieval studies], 2017, Iss. 3 (69), p. 116. (In Russian)
  17. Sabitov Zh.M. On the question of the circumstances of the appearance of Uraz-Muhammad and Kadyrgali Zhalairi in Siberia. Molodoy uchenyy [Young Scientist], 2015, no. 11 (91), pp. 1163–1165. (In Russian)
  18. The Siberian Chronicles. The publication of the Imperial archaeographic Commission. St. Petersburg, of I.N. Skorokhodov, 1907, 462 p. (In Russian)
  19. Skrynnikov R.G. Ermak’s Siberian campaign. Novosibirsk: Nauka, Siberian Branch, 1982, 256 p. (In Russian)
  20. Trepavlov V.V. The History of the Nogai Horde. Moscow: Vostochnay literatyra Publ., 2002. 752 p. (In Russian)
  21. Trepavlov V.V. Siberian Yurt after Ermak.: Kuchum and Kudumovic in the struggle for revenge. Moscow: Vostochnay literatyra Publ., 2012, 231 p. (In Russian)
  22. Usmanov M.A. Tatar historical sources 17th–18th centuries. Kazan: Publishing house of Kazan University, 1972, 223 p. (In Russian)
  23. Utemish-khadzhi. Kara tavarikh. Kazan: Sh.Marjani Institute of History, 2017, 312 p. (In Russian)
  24. Khisamieva Z.A. The language of dastans of Kadyr Ali-bek. Kazan: Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 2022, 244 p. (In Russian)
  25. Khudyakov Yu.S. The episode of the capture of Saydiak and Karachi in Tobolsk in 1588 in the history of the relationship between the Russian authorities and the Siberian Tatar elite (based on written and pictorial sources). Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Istoriya, filologiya. 2014. T.13, vyp.3: Arkheologiya i etnografiya [Bulletin of Novosibirsk State University. Series: History, Philology. 2014. Vol.13, issue 3: Archeology and Ethnography], pp. 234–242. (In Russian)
  26. Shashkov A.T. The beginning of joining Siberia. Problemy istorii Rossii. Evraziyskoe pogranich’e [Problems in the history of Russia. Eurasian Borderland]. Ekaterinburg: Volot, 2001, Iss. 4, pp. 8–51. (In Russian)

About the authors: Elena A. Ryabinina – Senior Lecturer of the Department of “History and documentation”, Kurgan State University (63, building 4, Sovetskaya Str., Kurgan 640020, Russian Federation); ORCID: 0000-0003-3854-1817. E-mail: realdenim77@yandex.ru

Denis N. Maslyuzhenko – Cand. Sci. (History), Associate Professor, Director of the Institute of Humanities, Kurgan State University (63, building 4, Sovetskaya Str., Kurgan 640020, Russian Federation); ORCID: 0000-0001-8302-1277, ResearcherID: J-9551-2017. E-mail: denmas13@yandex.ru

Received  February 13, 2023     Accepted for publication  May 22, 2023
Published Online June 29, 2023