2016. Vol. 4, no. 4. Abduzhemilev R.R.

2016. Vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 803-813

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2016-4-4.803-813

 

DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE CORRESPONDENCE LANGUAGE OF THE CRIMEAN KHANATE

R.R. Abduzhemilev 1,2
1 Crimean Engineering and Pedagogical University
Simferopol 295015, Crımea, Russian Federation
2 Crimean Research Center, Sh. Marjani Institute of History of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences Bakhchisaray 298405, Crimea, Russian Federation
E-mail: refatimus@gmail.com

Objectvie and materials of the research: In the article the matter for consideration is the problem of the lingual basis in yarlyks of the Crimean Khanate. The author seeks to trace the process of the formation of the state language of the Crimean Khanate on the material of the official letters and decrees. The main statements characterizing the object of the study are formulated. The article presents the views of the famous orientalists, in which the structure of the yarlyk’s language is reflected. An important attention is focused on the ration of the Kipchak and Oguz elements. The period from the 13th century to the 16th century is marked by the development of the language called «desht tili», i.e. the language of Desht-i Kipchak.
Results and novelty of the research: The author emphasizes that the language of the yarlyks of the Crimean Khanate is a heritage of the literary language of the Jochid ulus (Golden Horde), and even earlier one – of Desht-i Kipchak. Kipchaks dominated the extremely vast territory. The Kipchak language for a long time was used in the correspondence between Bakhchisaray and Moscow. As for the correspondence between Bakhchisaray and Istanbul, instead of Kipchak there was used Ottoman language. The correspondence between Crimea and Poland was mixed: both Kipchak and Ottoman languages were in use. Concerning the lexical structure of yarlyks, there are many Arabic and Persian words and forms which became inseparable part of the Crimean Tatar language. While the texts of the early yarlyks are full mostly of Turkic words, then in the late yarlyks Arabic and Persian words in some cases displaced original Turkic words. Therefore, today the issue of the reconstruction of the Turkic basis is of high importance.
The language of the official correspondence from the Crimean Khanate’s Office is one of the indicators of the development of integral state formation on the map of the Eastern Europe. On the one hand, the language of yarlyks had taken its roots deep from the centuries and ancient times, and on the other hand, it had been transformed over time into modern Crimean Tatar language. Texts of the correspondence of the Khanate period have consıderable philological potential, as evidenced by the wide range of the now disused linguistic units.

Keywords: yarlyks, Crimeam Khanate, language, Kipchak, Oguz, Ottoman.

For citation: Abduzhemilev R.R. Development of the State Correspondence Language of the Crimean Khanate. Golden Horde Review. 2016. Vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 803–813. DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2016-4-4.803-813

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About the author: Refat R. Abduzhemilev – Cand. Sci. (Philology), senior researcher of the Research Institute of Crimean Tatar philology, history and culture of ethnic groups of the Crimea, Crimean Engineering and Pedagogical University (8, Uchebnyy per., Simferopol 295015, Crımea, Russian Federation); junior researcher of the Crimean Scientific Center, Sh.Marjani Institute of History of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (57 «L», Basenko Str., Bakhchisaray 298401, Crimea, Russian Federation). E-mail: refatimus@gmail.com

Received September 12, 2016
Accepted for publication November 25, 2016
Published online December 20, 2016