2019, vol. 7, no. 1. Mayorov A.A.

2019, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 55-76

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2019-7-1.55-76

   THE INFLUENCE OF THE GOLDEN HORDE ON THE FORMATION
OF ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURES IN THE NORTH OF THE CHERNIGOV PRINCIPALITY
DURING THE SECOND HALF OF THE 13TH CENTURY

A.A. Mayorov
Orel State Institute of Culture
Orel, Russian Federation
aamajorov@rambler.ru

Abstract: Research objectives: The identification of the factors that had the most significant impact on the creation and function of the new administrative structures of the small principalities in the northern part of the Chernigov Principality in the second half of the fourteenth century, along with the determination of the degree of impact on these processes of two factors: vassalage to the khans of the Golden Horde, as well as the internal political and foreign policy situation.
Research materials: Several medieval Russian chronicles, among which are the Lavrentyevskaya, Ipatievskaya, Nikonovskaya, Simeonovskaya, Uvarovskaya, Novgorod­skaya First, Galicko-Volynskaya, and Rogozhsky Chronicle. Among the materials used are also published correspondence of Smolensk princes with Riga and the cities of the Hansa, Chinese and Mongolian sources on the history of the Golden Horde, the memorandum of the Synod of Lubeck, and the memoirs of European travelers.
Results and novelty of the research: Until now, the process of the emergence of independent principalities in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries in the northern part of the lands of the Chernigov Principality is regarded as a natural result of intensifying feudal fragmentation of the Russian lands. A multifactor analysis of the processes that took place in the north of the Chernigov lands in the second half of the thirteenth century, carried out in this article, shows that the emergence and preservation of these principalities was largely influenced by the specific characteristics of the vassalage of local princes to the khans of the Golden Horde, as well as the processes generated by the growing influence of Prince Nogai and the emergence of a situation of real dual power.
The adoption of a direct vassalage to the Golden Horde’s khan by Russian princes from the northern Chernigov territories led to the consolidation of the allocated territories for local branches of princely families. The consequence of dual power was the transfer of the rights of the rulers of the Bryansk principality to one of the branches of the Smolensk princely family and the simultaneous preservation of small thrones for princes belonging to the Chernigov dynasty. The last third of the thirteenth century in the north of the Chernigov lands saw the lands divided into those ruled by Smolensk princes (in fact the Bryansk principality itself) and those ruled by the Chernigov dynasty. The interaction and combination of these several factors led to the emergence of legal prerequisites for the disintegration of a formally unified territory in the future.
As a result, in the northern territories of the Chernigov princedom at the end of the thirteenth century, a legal basis was created for the emergence of a group of sovereign administrative and political entities known in Russian historiography as the Principalities of the Upper Oka Basin.

Keywords: Golden Horde, North of the Principality of Chernigov, vassalage, prince Nogai, Bryansk Principality, princes of Smolensk, Chernigov princely dynasty, Upper princedoms

For сitation: Mayorov A.A. The Influence of the Golden Horde on the Formation of Administrative Structures in the North of the Chernigov Principality during the second half of the 13th century. Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie=Golden Horde Review. 2019, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 55–76. DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2019-7-1.55-76

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About the author: Anatoliy A. Mayorov – Cand. Sci. (History), Orel State Institute of Culture (15, Leskov Str., Orel 302020, Russian Federation). E-mail: aamajorov@rambler.ru

Received  December 15, 2018   Accepted for publication  March 4, 2019
Published online  March 29, 2019