2021, vol. 9, no. 1. Halperin Ch.J.

2021, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 188-200

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2021-9-1.188-200

   IVAN IV AND THE TATARS

Charles J. Halperin
Indiana University, Bloomington, USA
chalperi@iu.edu

Abstract: Research objectives: To provide a comprehensive overview of Muscovite interaction with Tatars during Ivan IV’s reign, both with each successor state of the Jochid ulus and with Tatars who moved to Muscovy and entered Ivan IV’s service.
Research materials: This study is based upon Russian sources from the reign of Ivan IV concerning the Tatars, including narratives such as chronicles and documentary evidence such as diplomatic reports.
Results and novelty of the research: Muscovite policy toward the Tatars did not derive from a single dominating motive, neither hostility, such as religious animosity toward Muslims or the drive for imperial territorial expansion, nor the desire to cooperate with Tatars for the sake of commerce or the need for steppe military allies. Ivan adapted his policies to individual circumstances, vassal puppet rulers or outright conquest as needed. Tatars from the vassal khanate of Kasimov helped Ivan conquer Kazan’ and Astrakhan’ and fight Crimea. Nogai merchants sold the Muscovite army horses. Muscovites possessed intimate knowledge of foreign Tatars, but also lived in close proximity to “native” Tatars who lived on Muscovite soil or traveled to Moscow as envoys or merchants. However expertise on the Tatars, borrowing Tatar institutions, enrolling Tatar servitors, and conquering successor states of the Golden Horde did not make Muscovy a successor state of the Golden Horde. Nevertheless the Tatars were a fact of life in Ivan IV’s Muscovy, as both allies and enemies.

Keywords: Ivan IV, Tatars, Kasimov, Kazan’, Astrakhan’, Sibir’, Nogais, Crimea, successor state

For citation: Halperin C.J. Ivan IV and the Tatars. Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie=Golden Horde Review. 2021, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 188–200. DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2021-9-1.188-200

Acknowledgemnts: I would like to express my deep gratitude to the reviewers for their valuable comments.

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About the author: Charles J. Halperin – Ph.D. (History), Research Fellow of the Russian and East European Institute, Indiana University (Bloomington, Indiana, USA); chalperi@iu.edu

Received  November 24, 2020   Accepted for publication  March 4, 2021
Published Online  March 29, 2021