2022, vol. 10, no. 4. Izmailov I.L.

2022, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 744-757

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2022-10-4.744-757
EDN: https://elibrary.ru/BKYOGT

   TATARS OF THE JOCHID ULUS: THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT
OF AN ETHNOPOLITICAL IDENTITY IN THE 13th–15th CENTURIES

I.L. Izmailov
Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences
Kazan, Russian Federation
ismail@inbox.ru

Abstract: Research objectives: To analyze the processes behind the formation and development of the Tatar ethnopolitical community in the Ulus of Jochi in the XIII–XV centuries.
Research materials: The author of the article examines a variety of sources that reflect the progressive development of the Tatar ethnopolitical community in the Ulus of Jochi during the XIII–XV centuries.
Results and novelty of the research: The Tatars of the Jochid Ulus during the XIII–XV centuries were usually studied from a socio-political point of view, with little attention being paid to the study of mental structures. Nevertheless, the formation of the ethnopolitical community of the Tatars – something which determines the mental universe of the population of the Ulus of Jochi – deserves and receives here more intensive study.
The Mongol invasion brought not only destruction to the countries of Eurasia, but also led to the formation of a new Mongol Empire, and at the end of the XIII century, the successor Chingisid states. In all these khanates, there was a process of formation of their statehood and ethnopolitical consolidation. In the Ulus of Jochi, this process was associated with the formation of the Tatar ethnopolitical community. It turns out that during the conquests of Chingis Khan and his heirs in different countries of Eurasia from the Near and Middle East to Central Asia and Eastern Europe, Tatars were present among the troops of the Khans, playing the role of a military aristocracy. Due to these objective and other subjective reasons, the Tatar identity became the leading one in the Jochid Ulus, manifesting itself in the ideas that the Jochid Ulus was a country of the Tatars, the term itself becoming synonymous with the military service aristocracy. Tatars were also understood as Turkic nomadic people with their own clan structure.

Keywords: ethnos, ethnopolitical community, medieval Tatars, Mongols, service class, military aristocracy, nomads, Ulus of Jochi (Golden Horde), Chingisids

For citation: Izmailov I.L. Tatars of the Jochid Ulus: the formation and development of an ethnopolitical identity in the 13th–15th centuries. Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie=Golden Horde Review. 2022, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 744–757. DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2022-10-4.744-757 (In Russian)

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About the author: Iskander L. Izmailov – Dr. Sci. (History), Leading Research Fellow, Usmanov Center for Research on the Golden Horde and Tatar Khanates, Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (7A, Baturin Str., Kazan 420111, Russian Federation); ORCID: 0000-0003-2165-2916. E-mail: ismail@inbox.ru

Received  June 7, 2022   Accepted for publication November 10, 2022
Published   Online December 29, 2022