2022, vol. 10, no. 1. Ivanics M.

2022, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 118-153

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2022-10-1.118-153

   THE DIPLOMATIC ACTIVITY OF THE CRIMEAN KHANATE
AND ITS ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES IN EAST-CENTRAL EUROPE
IN THE 16TH–18TH CENTURIES

Mária Ivanics
University of Szeged
Szeged, Hungary
res13986@iif.hu

Abstract: Research objective: The article is devoted to the discussion of the establish­ment and the development of diplomatic relations between the Crimean Khanate and the countries of East-Central Europe, with special attention paid to the political and economic influence of the Khanate in the European vassal states of the Ottoman Empire.
Research materials: The study uses European and Ottoman chronicles, reports from Constantinople, and still unpublished documents from the Austrian, Romanian, and Hungarian archives.
Results and novelty of the research: Ottoman studies has paid little attention to the diplomatic relations of the Crimean Khanate with East-Central Europe. Historical studies primarily emphasized the auxiliary role of Tatars in the Ottoman campaigns and did not pay attention to the fact that in their shadow the khans established and maintained diplomatic relations with the sovereign and vassal states of the region. After thorough research in the archives of the region, it was possible to compile a corpus of documents which revealed the process of the development of the khanate’s diplomatic relations, sometimes even leading to cooperation between the Muslim and Christian rulers. The analysis of the collected and systematized material made it possible to establish the role the khanate played in the policy of the Christian vassals of the Porte, and also the development of the taxation of vassal countries by the Tatars. In the case of Moldova and Wallachia, the sources made it possible to trace the formation of different types of obligations and the amount of tribute.

Keywords: Crimean Khanate, Habsburg Empire, Transsylvania, Moldova, Wallachia, taxation, tribute

For citation: Ivanics M. The Diplomatic Activity of the Crimean Khanate and Its Economic Consequences in East-Central Europe in the 16th–18th centuries. Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie=Golden Horde Review. 2022, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 118–153. DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2022-10-1.118-153 (In Russian)

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About the author: Mária Ivanics – Doctor of Science, Professor Emeritus of the Department of Altaic Studies of the University of Szeged (Egyetem u. 2, 6722 Szeged, Hungary). E-mail: res13986@iif.hu

Received  December 20, 2021   Accepted for publication  February 25, 2022
Published Online  March 29, 2022