2023, vol. 11, no. 4. Mirgaleev I.M., Fazlutdinov I.I., Zakirova I.G.

2023, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 792-816

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-4.792-816

EDN: https://elibrary.ru/IKMIJA

   ON THE QUESTION OF STUDYING TATAR VARIANTS
OF THE EPOS ABOUT IDEGEY

I.M. Mirgaleev 1, I.I. Fazlutdinov 2,3, I.G. Zakirova 4
1 Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences
2,4 G. Ibragimov Institute of Language, Literature and Art
of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences
3 Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University
Kazan, Russian Federation
1 dilnur1976@mail.ru , 2 fazl97@mail.ru , 4 ilzakirova@mail.ru

Abstract: The purpose of the study: The work is part of the authors’ research aimed at preparing a collection dedicated to the Tatar versions of the “Idegey”epos. It is aimed at reviewing and systematizing archival and published versions of the Tatar version of the dastan, “Idegey”, introducing unexplored variants into scientific circulation, compiling a complete list of texts, and providing their structural and textual analysis.
Research materials: Archival and published versions of the Tatar dastan of “Idegey”. Information from literary and historical sources, along with scientific research, was used. The works of famous folklorists are involved, including studies on the dastan “Idegey” by famous folklorists Nigmat Hakim and Naki Isanbet.
The scientific novelty of the study is due to the fact that on the basis of the study of archival materials, a review of all the variants known to us and a comparative analysis of individual episodes and motives were made. Based on the analysis, the changes to which the variants were subjected, the transformation of individual motifs, and all kinds of variations of the latter, the degree of preservation of dastan records from different times was revealed.
The results of the study and its scientific novelty: the paper proves that the Tatar versions of the dastan about Idegey and Toktamysh were widely spread among the Tatars of the Volga-Urals, western Siberia, and the Crimea as is evidenced by the wide variability of the works. However, the main part of the variants came to us fragmentarily, in a strongly truncated form, and by the time they were fixed, with the exception of the variants recorded by V.V. Radlov and N. Hakim, the named genre ceased to exist in a living natural form. Despite this, the Tatar versions of the dastan “Idegey”, unlike the other Turkic versions which came through the works of ethnographers and historians, are undoubtedly more extensive and numerous, recorded in the original version or preserved in manuscripts in the Tatar language.

Keywords: folklore, Golden Horde, folk epos, dastan, Idegey, Toktamysh, national version

For citation: Mirgaleev I.M., Fazlutdinov I.I., Zakirova I.G. On the question of stu­dying Tatar variants of the epos about Idegey. Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie=Golden Horde Review. 2023, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 792–816. DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-4.792-816 (In Russian)

Acknowledgements: We express our immense gratitude and sincere appreciation to I.G. Gumerov, Head of the Center for Written Heritage (“Miraskhana”) of the G. Ibragimov Institute of Language, Literature and Art of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, and the staff of the Center: N.Sh. Nasibullina, A.M. Akhunov, V.M. Usmanov, as well as to G.N. Zayneeva, Senior Research Fellow of the Department of Textology at the G. Ibragi­mov Institute of Language, Literature and Art of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, for their assistance in working with the archive fund.

REFERENCES

  1. On the study of literary sources. Compiled by N.F. Ismagilov, Z.R. Shaikhisla­mov; ed. N.G. Yuzeev; Tatarstan Academy of Sciences. G. Ibragimov Institute of Language, Literature and History. Kazan, 1994. 104 p. (In Tatar)
  2. Valiullina F.M. National-mythological and religious motifs in the dastan “Idegey”: Abstract of diss. … Candidate of Philological Sciences: 10.01.09 / G. Ibragimov Institute of language, literature and art of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences. Kazan, 2005. 24 p. (In Russian)
  3. Valiullina F. National mythological and religious motifs in the Dastan “Idegey” Kazan: Dom pechati, 2007. 178 p. (In Tatar)
  4. Gallyamova A.G. «The “Massacre” of the Golden Horde» in the middle of the twentieth century: Ideological discourse in Tatar medieval studies in the light of the August 1944 Decree. Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie=Golden Horde Review. 2019. vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 784–797. DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2019-7-4.784-797. (In Russian)
  5. Gumerov A. Poetic stylistics of the Tatar folk epos “Idegey”. Kyzyl Tatarstan. 1941. February 28. (In Tatar)
  6. Gusman M. Idegey and Nurutdin (historical story). 1914. 32 p. (In Tatar)
  7. Divaev Abubaker. Idege batyr. Shura, 1917, no. 15, pp. 357–360, no. 16, pp. 382–384. (In Tatar)
  8. Dmitrieva L.V. The manuscript of P.A. Falev’s work on the epos “Edigey” in the Archive of Orientalists of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Turkological Collection. 1972. Moscow: Nauka, The main editorial office of Oriental literature. 1973, pp. 213–217. (In Russian)
  9. Zhirmunsky V.M. The Turkic heroic epos. Leningrad: Nauka. Leningrad Branch, 1974, pp. 349–386. (In Russian)
  10. Jalay L. About dastan “Idigey”. Soviet literature. 1940, no. 5/6, pp. 157–162. (In Tatar)
  11. Zakirova I.G. Folk art of the Golden Horde period: mythological and historical foundations: Dissertation … Doctor of Philological Sciences: 10.01.09. Kazan, 2011. 356 p. (In Russian)
  12. Zakirova I.G. Folklore biography of Idegei: correlation of historical and epic. Ural – Altai: through the centuries into the future. Materials of the All-Russian Scientific Conference / Scientific Research Institute of Altaic Studies named after S.S. Surazakov; editorial board: N.V. Ekeev (ed.), E.V. Yenchinov, A.E. Chumakaev, T.K. Shutina. Gorno-Altaysk: «Gorno-Altayskaya tipografiya», 2014, pp. 238–243. (In Russian)
  13. Zemtsovsky I.I. The problem of the variant in the light of musical typology: The experience of ethnomusicological formulation of the question. Actual problems of modern folklore studies. Leningrad, 1980. 43 p. (In Russian)
  14. Idege (Ituk batyr). Kyzyl Tatarstan. November 1, no. 15. (In Tatar)
  15. Idegey: Tatar folk epos. Kazan: Tatar book Publ., 1990. 256 p. (In Russian)
  16. Idege Murza. Shura. 1908, no. 8, pp. 225–231. (In Tatar)
  17. Tatar folk Dastan / with a preface by F. Akhmetova. Kazan utlary. 1989, no. 1, pp. 3–65. (In Tatar)
  18. Idegey: Tatar folk Dastan / set of N. Isanbet. Sovet әdәbiyaty=Soviet literature. 1940, no. 11, pp. 39–76; no. 12, pp. 34–82. (In Tatar)
  19. Idegey: Tatar folk Dastan. Kazan: Tatar book Publ., 1988. 254 p. (In Tatar)
  20. The study of the epos “Idegey”. Sovet әdәbiyaty=Soviet literature. 1940, no. 3, p. 97. (In Tatar)
  21. Kyrgyz fairy tale. Siberian Bulletin. Saint Petersburg. 1820. vol. X, pp. 189–204. (In Russian and in Kyrgyz)
  22. Idukai and Muradym. Kyzyl Bashkiria. 1940, no. 95–98, 100, 101, 103–108, 110–116. (In Bashkir)
  23. Izmailov I., Gibadullina R. «There is no Marxist assessment of the Golden Horde». Gasyrlar avazy – Echo of Centuries. 1996, no. 3–4, pp. 96–101. (In Russian)
  24. Isanbet N. The 500th anniversary of the Tatar folk epos “Idegey”. Sovet әdәbiyaty=Soviet literature. 1940, no. 11, pp. 72–92. (In Tatar)
  25. Iskhakov D.M. National history hidden in the epic works of our people. Second entry: secrets of the epos “Idegei”. Tugan jir: Tebek tarikhy buencha zhurnal=Native land: local history journal. Kazan, no. 4. 2018, pp. 19–29, no. 1. 2019, pp. 49–65, no. 2. 2019, pp. 58–68. (In Tatar)
  26. Kadyr Ali-bek. Jami al-tawarikh. Facsimile of the manuscript / critical edition, research, translation from Turkic and glossary by R. Alimov; under scientific supervision by I.M. Mirgaleev. Kazan: Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 2022. 544 p. (In Russian and in Ancient Turkic)
  27. Kazan utlary. 1993, no. 10, p. 183. (In Tatar)
  28. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union in resolutions and decisions of congresses, conferences and plenums of the Central Committee. (1898–1986). vol. 7: 1938–1945. Moscow: Politizdat. 1985. 574 p. (In Russian)
  29. Melioransky P.M. The Saga of Edigey and Toktamysh. Kyrgyz text based on a manuscript belonging to Ch.Ch. Valikhanov. Published by Prof. P.M. Melioransky. Notes of the Russian Geographical Society on the Department of Ethnography. App. by vol. XXIX. – Saint Petersburg: Typo-lithography of I. Baransky and Co. 1905. 23+44 p. (In Russian and Kyrgyz)
  30. Mirgaleev I.M. Political history of the Golden Horde during the reign of Toktamysh Khan. Kazan: Alma-Lit. 2003. 164 p. (In Russian)
  31. Mukhametzianova L.Kh. The Tatar Epic “Edigü”: An Echo through the centuries. Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie=Golden Horde Review. 2018, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 537–550. DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2018-6-3.537-550. (In Russian)
  32. Osmanov M.E. Nogai and Kumyk texts. A textbook. St. Petersburg: USSR Aca­demy of Sciences, 1883, pp. 32–49. (In Russian, Nogai and Kumyk)
  33. Radlov V.V. Samples of folk literature of the northern Turkic tribes. Part VII: Dialects of the Crimean peninsula. Saint Petersburg, 1896. 528 p. (In Russian)
  34. Radlov V.V. Samples of folk literature of Turkic tribes living in Southern Siberia and the Dzungarian steppe. Part I: Sub-dialects of Altai: Altaians, Teleutes, Chernov and Lebedinsky Tatars, Shors and Sayans. Saint Petersburg, 1866 vol. XXIV. 419 p. (In Russian)
  35. Radlov V.V. Samples of folk literature of Turkic tribes living in Southern Siberia and Dzungarian steppe. Part IV. Adverbs of the Barabin, Tarsk, Tobolsk and Tyumen Tatars. Saint Petersburg, 1872. 411 p. (In Russian)
  36. Samoilovich A.N. Version of the saga of Edigey and Tokhtamysh, recorded by N. Khakimov. Turkological collection Moscow: Nauka, 1973, pp. 186–211. (In Russian)
  37. The Writings of Chokan Genghisovich Valikhanov / edited by N.I. Veselovsky. Notes of the Russian Geographical Society. According to the Department of Ethnography. vol. XXIX. Petersburg: Printing house of the Main Department of the estates, 1904. 532 p. (In Russian)
  38. For historical authenticity. Sovet әdәbiyaty=Soviet literature, 1944, no. 10, pp. 3–8. (about Dastan “Idegey”). (In Tatar)
  39. Tatar folk Dastan “Idegey”. Sovet әdәbiyaty=Soviet literature. 1940, no. 11, pp. 39–76, no. 12, pp. 34–82. Summary text and comments by Naki Isanbet. (In Tatar)
  40. Translation of the Tatar folk epos “Idegey” into Russian. Kyzyl Tatarstan. 1944. June 11. (In Tatar and in Russian)
  41. Tatar epos. Dastans / compiler, author of the introductory speech and comments, compiler of the dictionary F.V. Akhmetova-Urmanche. Kazan: Rannur. 2004. (In Tatar)
  42. Tashkent: publication of the Alisher Navoi National Library of Uzbekistan, 2006. 115 p. (In Uzbek)
  43. Turkish anthology compiled by I. Berezin, professor of Turkish at the Imperial Saint Petersburg university. 1862. vol. 2. Iss. 1, pp. 60–76. (In Russian)
  44. Urmanche F. The folk epos “Idegey”. Kazan: Fen, 1999. 200 p. (In Russian)
  45. Khabutdinova M.M. Naki Isanbet’s contribution to the study of the Golden Horde. Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie=Golden Horde Review. 2023. vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 181–201. DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-1.181-201 EDN: NZKGGK. (In Russian)
  46. Khairullina V.I. Folk epos “Idegey” and its historical foundations: Dissertation … Candidate of Philological Sciences: 10.01.09. Kazan, 1999. 151 p. (In Russian)
  47. Genghisname: historical dastans / comp. R. Mardanov. Kazan: “Milli Kitap” publishing house, 2019. 288 p. (In Tatar)
  48. Shakurova Sh.R. Bashkir folk epos «Ural-batyr»: archival primary source and its textual analysis. Ufa: Gilem. 2007. 386 p. (In Russian)
  49. Yarmi Kh. Dastan “Idegey”. Sovet ӓdӓbiyaty=Soviet literature. 1940, no. 5/6, pp. 163–178. (In Tatar)
  50. Codatay S. The Adigä saga / Text, translation and commentary. Ural-Altaic Yearbooks. XXV. 1953. (Wiesbaden). Hf. 3/4, pp. 243–282. (In German)*
  51. Edigey Idegәi / Prepared by Rustem Sulti. Türksoy Publications, no. 10. 190 p. (In Turkish)
  52. Idukaj and Moradym. Kommuna=Commune. 1940. no 78 (1477). April 28, no. 79 (1478). April 29. (In Tatar)

* Research and commentary on the epos “Idegey”. The text is translated into German and in the original language. The history of the study of the epos in Russia by Russian Orientalists and foreign orientalists.

About the authors: Il’nur M. Mirgaleev – Cand. Sci. (History), Head of the Usmanov Center for Research on the Golden Horde and Tatar Khanates, Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (7А, Baturin Str., Kazan 420111, Russian Federation); ORCID: 0000-0001-6013-6944, ResearcherID: J-9533-2017, Scopus Author ID: 57201656376. E-mail: dilnur1976@mail.ru

Ilnaz I. Fazlutdinov – Postgraduate student, G. Ibragimov Institute of Language, Literature and Art of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (12/4, K. Marx Str., Kazan 420111, Russian Federation); Assistant of the Institute of Social and Philosophical Sciences and Mass Communications, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University (1/37, Prof. Nuzhin Str., Kazan 420111, Russian Federation); ORCID: 0000-0003-2676-9750, ResearcherID: JPY-0685-2023. E-mail: fazl97@mail.ru

Ilseyar G. Zakirova – Dr. Sci. (Philology), Chief Research Fellow of the Department of Folk Art, G. Ibragimov Institute of Language, Literature and Art of the Tatarstan Aca­demy of Sciences (12/4, K. Marx Str., Kazan 420111, Russian Federation); ORCID: 0000-0002-2527-0571, ResearcherID: AAZ-2818-2020. E-mail: ilzakirova@mail.ru

Received  September 14, 2023         Accepted for publication  November 29, 2023
Published  Online December 29, 2023