2024, vol. 12, no. 2. Shikhaliev Sh.Sh., Shumkin A.V.

2024, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 435-452

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2024-12-2.435-452

EDN: https://elibrary.ru/FXPNYI

   TITULATION OF THE SHAMKHALS AND KARACHI-BEKS
AS A HERITAGE OF THE GOLDEN HORDE’S POLITICAL
STRUCTURE IN THE EASTERN CAUCASUS

Sh.Sh. Shikhaliev 1, A.V. Shumkin 2 *
1 Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography, Daghestan Federal
Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Makhachkala, Russian Federation
2 Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Moscow, Russian Federation
* arsen1293@rambler.ru

Abstract. The article is dedicated to the issues of political and ethnic history of Shamkhalate, revising the range of sources, shedding light on the history of this political entity, and the formation of its social institutions under the influence of the Golden Horde and the Crimean Khanate.
Research Materials: New, previously unpublished Arabic-script sources from private and state manuscript collections in Daghestan.
Results and Novelty of the Research: The authors delve into the socio-political evolution of Shamkhalate within the broader context of interconnected societies. This interdisciplinary framework yields novel perspectives on Shamkhalate’s polytonymous nature, its structural underpinnings, historical genesis, and its intricate relations with entities such as the Golden Horde and its successors. Furthermore, the study sheds light on the complex ethnic dynamics inherent within Shamkhalate. Ultimately, the findings challenge the notion of Shamkhalate’s development in isolation, highlighting its profound entanglement with the hegemonic influences of Genghisid states such as the Golden Horde, Hulaguid power, and the Crimean Khanate. Moreover, the study underscores the continuity of administrative traditions within Shamkhalate, echoing practices established following the collapse of the Golden Horde in the mid-15th century.

Keywords: Golden Horde, karachi-beks, kumyks, ulans, Shamkhalate, Shir-van-shakhs

For citation: Shikhaliev Sh.Sh., Shumkin A.V. Titulation of the shamkhals and karachi-beks as a heritage of the Golden Horde’s political structure in the Eastern Caucasus. Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie=Golden Horde Review. 2024, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 435–452. https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2024-12-2.435-452 (In Russian)

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INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Shamil Sh. Shikhaliev – Cand. Sci. (History), Senior Research Fellow, Institute of History, Archaeology, and Ethnography of the Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (75, M. Yaragskiy Str., Makhachkala 367030, Russian Federation); ORCID: 0000-0003-3322-0256, Scopus Author ID: 56409821600, ResearcherID: H-1411-2018. E-mail: shihaliev74@mail.ru

Arseniy V. Shumkin – Graduate student, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (82, Vernadskiy Ave., Moscow 119571, Russian Federation); ORCID: 0000-0002-6438-5646. E-mail: arsen1293@rambler.ru

 Received  15.03.2024  Revised  27.05.2024
Accepted  06.06.2024