2017. Vol. 5, no. 2. Belyakov A.V., Vinogradov A.V., Moiseev M.V.

2017. Vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 412-436

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2017-5-2.412-436

   INSTITUTION OF ATALYKSHIP  IN THE POST-GOLDEN HORDE WORLD

A.V. Belyakov 1a, A.V. Vinogradov 1b, M.V. Moiseev 2
1 Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Moscow, Russian Federation
a belafeb@gmail.com
b avinogradov1957@yandex.ru

2 Department of Socio-Cultural Research  of the
Russian State University for the Humanities
Moscow, Russian Federation
maksi-moisee@yandex.ru

Research objective: To study the institution of atalykship in the Crimean, Siberian and Kazan khanates and the Nogai Horde.
Research materials: Published and unpublished sources: books of official orders in the Russian state, chronicles, acts, diplomatic documents, archaeological data, etc.
Results and novelty of the research: Up to now the institution of atalykship has not been practically studied. The authors attempted to consider this phenomenon on the example of the Crimean, Siberian and Kazan khanates and the Nogai Horde. Evidence of the presence of atalyks in the service of the Chinggisids in Russia was also taken into account.
The authors managed to show that atalyks represented a complex and multifaceted tool in the struggle of the khans with the heads of the els (clans) they controlled. The status of atalyk was based solely on the personal loyalty and affection between the educator and educatee. However, this relationship was beneficial to both sides. A Chinggisid received the faithful conductor of his policy, ready to fulfill his most delicate mission. For his part, the tutor automatically raised his social and material status and helped his relatives’ careers. This, in turn, helped the khan to curb the claims of clan elites.
The phenomenon under consideration had many regional features throughout the entire Desht-i Kipchak’s space. We consider the emergence and development of the institution of atalykship on the example of the Crimean khanate. However, this example can not be considered standard. It can not be automatically applied to other territories. Over time, new documents will be found. This will substantially supplement information on this phenomenon in other regions.

Keywords: Russian state in the 16th–17th century, Crimean khanate, Siberian khanate, Kazan khanate, Nogai Horde, atalyk, Chinggisids

For citation: Belyakov A.V., Vinogradov A.V., Moiseev M.V. Institution of Atalyk­ship in the Post-Golden Horde World. Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie=Golden Horde Review. 2017. Vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 412–436. DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2017-5-2.412-436

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About the authors: Andrey V. Belyakov – Cand. Sci. (History), Researcher, Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences (19, Dmitry Ulyanov Str., Moscow 117036, Russian Federation). E-mail: belafeb@gmail.com

Aleksandr V. Vinogradov – Cand. Sci. (History), Senior scientific employee, Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences (19, Dmitry Ulyanov Str., Moscow 117036, Russian Federation). E-mail: avinogradov1957@yandex.ru

Maksim V. Moiseev – Cand. Sci. (History), Head of the Department of scientific and educational work, Museum of Moscow; Research fellow, Department of Socio-Cultural Research, Russian State University for the Humanities, ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0421-8982, ResearcherID: E-1622-2016 (2, Zubovsky Bulvar, Moscow 119021, Russian Federation). E-mail: maksi-moisee@yandex.ru

Received  February 2, 2017   Accepted for publication  May 15, 2017
Published online  June 30, 2017