2022, vol. 10, no. 3. Iskhakov D.M., Zakirova I.G.

2022, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 504-522

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2022-10-3.504-522
EDN: https://elibrary.ru/AMXZRT

   ON THE QUESTION OF THE PRESENCE OF TRACES
OF PRE-MONGOL KIPCHAKS IN WESTERN SIBERIA
(BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF THE DASTAN “AK KUBEK”)

D.M. Iskhakov 1, I.G. Zakirova 2
1 Tobolsk Integrated Scientific Station of the Ural Branch
of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Editorial board of the “Tugan jir. Native Land” magazine
Kazan, Russian Federation
monitoring_vkt@mail.ru

2 G. Ibragimov Institute of Language, Literature and Art
of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences
Kazan, Russian Federation
ilzakirova@mail.ru

Abstract: Research objectives: To consider the problem of the Eastern Kipchak presence in the pre-Mongol period in Southern Siberia, Altai, and adjacent territories, including the identification of traces of specific Kipchak clan formations in this area.
Research materials: Data from the Tatar dastan “Ak Kubek”, Arabic chronicles, and Russian chronicles containing information of an epic and historical nature were used. Previously published works, which in one way or another affect this issue but need a critical approach and addition, were also employed.
Results and novelty of the research: This study of the content of the dastan “Ak Kubek” and the Arab chronicles of an-Nuwayri and Ibn Khaldun, in which epic information has been transmitted through the Mamluks from the Kipchaks, allows us to conclude that the Siberian-Tatar dastan recorded by V.V. Radlov contains important historical content dating back to the pre-Mongol period and related to the Durut (tert, durt) and Toksoba clans which had different ethnic origins and occupied different territories. It was possible to connect some epic heroes (Khan Kotyan / Kidana) with the leaders of specific Western Polovtsian groups, such as the Terterovichi Khan Kotyan who sought refuge in Hungary during the Mongol conquest. The second group, Toksoba (Toksobichi), which in the analyzed dastan is personified by its main character, the princely son Ak Kubek biy, belonged to the Eastern Kipchak clan formations that participated in the ethnogenesis of the Siberian Tatars, Bashkirs, Kazakhs, and Altaians. The time and reasons for the connection of the dastan “Ak Kubek” to the Altaians cannot be unambiguously resolved due to the migrations of Siberian Tatars to the region of the Northern Altai during the fall of the Siberian Khanate. However, the hypothesis of the pre-Mongol presence of eastern Kipchaks in Southern Siberia and Altai seems probable.

Keywords: Kipchaks, eastern Kipchaks, Kimaks, Arabic chronicles, Durut clan, Toksoba clan, Dastan, Khan Kotyan, biy Ak Kubek, Southern Siberia, Altai

For citation: Iskhakov D.M., Zakirova I.G. On the question of the presence of traces of pre-Mongol Kipchaks in Western Siberia (based on the analysis of the dastan “Ak Kubek”). Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie=Golden Horde Review. 2022, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 504–522.  DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2022-10-3.504-522 (In Russian)

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About the authors: Damir M. Iskhakov – Dr. Sci. (History), Senior Research Fellow, Tobolsk Integrated Scientific Station of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Chief Editor of the “Tugan jir. Native Land” magazine (52, Pushkin Str., Kazan 420015, Russian Federation). E-mail: monitoring_vkt@mail.ru

Ilseyar G. Zakirova – Dr. Sci. (Philology), Chief Research Fellow of the Department of Folk Art, G. Ibragimov Institute of Language, Literature and Art of the Tatarstan Aca­demy of Sciences (12/4, K. Marx Str., Kazan 420111, Russian Federation). E-mail: ilzakirova@mail.ru

Received  May 16, 2022   Accepted for publication  August 10, 2022
Published  Online September 29, 2022